Numerical Modeling of Earthquake Cycles Based On Navier‐Stokes Equations With Viscoelastic‐Plasticity Rheology

Abstract Visco‐elastic‐plastic modeling approaches for long‐term tectonic deformation assume that co‐seismic fault displacement can be integrated over 1000s–10,000s years (tens of earthquake cycles) with the appropriate failure law, and short‐timescale fluctuations in stress field due to individual earthquakes have no effect on behavior. Models rupture process generally (long‐range) or kinematic boundary conditions are steady course multiple cycles. This study is aimed fill gap between short‐term deformations by cycles rate‐and‐state frictional (RSF) relationship Navier‐Stokes equations. We reproduce benchmarks at timescale demonstrate effectiveness our approach. then discuss how these high‐resolution models degrade if time‐step cannot capture accurately and, from this, infer when it important consider coupling two timescales level accuracy required. To build upon benchmarks, we undertake a generic thrust crust prescribed geometry. It found lower crustal rheology affects periodic time characteristic inter‐seismic, free‐surface rate. In particular, relaxation surface cratonic region (with relatively strong crust) has double‐peaked uplift profile persists thousands after major slip event. pattern might diagnostic active faults regions.